Nevertheless, in the patristic age Jewish Christians did not hesitate to claim the authority of Peter and of James the brother of the Lord in defense of their narrow views and practices. But just as, on the night of the betrayal, Peter proved so far faithless to himself as thrice to deny that he was a follower of Jesus, so also some time afterward at Antioch he made greater concessions to the rigorous Jewish Christians than Christian liberty permitted accordingly he was rebuked by Paul for his weakness and 'dissimulation' ( ὑπόκρισις), Galatians 2:11ff. After having for some time presided, in connection with John and James the brother of our Lord (see Ἰάκωβος, 3), over the affairs of the Christians at Jerusalem, he seems to have gone abroad to preach the gospel especially to Jews ( Galatians 2:9 1 Corinthians 9:5 1 Peter 5:13 Papias in Eusebius 3, 39, 15 for Papias states that Peter employed Mark as 'interpreter' ( ἑρμηνευτής), an aid of which he had no need except beyond the borders of Palestine, especially among those who spoke Latin (but on the disputed meaning: of the word 'interpreter' here, see Morison, Commentary on Mark, edition 2, Introduction, p. Excelling in vigor of mind, eagerness to learn, and love for Jesus, he enjoyed, together with James and John the sons of Zebedee, the special favor and intimacy of his divine Master. Both were received by Jesus as his companions, Matthew 4:19 Mark 1:17 Luke 5:10 John 1:40-42 (41-43) and Simon, whose pre-eminent courage and firmness he discerned and especially relied on for the future establishment of the kingdom of God, he honored with the name of Peter, John 1:42 (43) Matthew 16:18 Mark 3:16. He had a brother Andrew, with whom he followed the occupation of a fisherman, Matthew 4:18 Mark 1:16 Luke 5:3. He was a native of Bethsaida, a town of Galilee, the son of a fisherman (see Ἰωάννης, 3, and Ἰωνᾶς, 2), and dwelt with his wife at Capernaum, Matthew 8:14 Mark 1:30 Luke 4:38, cf. ![]() 1397 answering to the Chaldean Κηφᾶς, which see, John 1:42 (43)), Peter, the surname of the apostle Simon. ![]() Πέτρος, Πέτρου, ὁ (an appellative proper name, signifying 'a stone,' 'a rock,' 'a ledge' or 'cliff' used metaphorically of a soul hard and unyielding, and so resembling a rock, Sophocles O. Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 4074: Πέτρος
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